A Educação Permanente em Saúde e os atores do sistema prisional no cenário pandêmico / Permanent Education in Health and prison system actors in the pandemic scenario / La Educación Permanente en Salud y los actores del sistema penitenciario en el escenario pandémico

Resumo A Educação Permanente em Saúde legitimou a educação na saúde com base na aprendizagem significativa, em vivências no cotidiano de trabalho e na solução de problemas de forma coletiva, além de estar pautada no Quadrilátero Ensino-Gestão-Atenção-Controle Social. A pandemia da Covid-19 exigiu novas formas de fazer saúde e educação, principalmente no sistema prisional, onde a superlotação é um impeditivo ao isolamento social. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar, por meio de rodas de conversa virtuais, os desafios encontrados no cotidiano de trabalho e discutir propostas de intervenção com os atores do sistema prisional no período pandêmico, na perspectiva da Educação Permanente em Saúde. Foi utilizada abordagem qualitativa de investigação com caráter descritivo, interpretativo e compreensivo de análise do fenômeno social, por meio da análise de conteúdo temático de Minayo. Da análise temática de conteúdo emergiram quatro categorias: desafios da assistência em saúde no sistema prisional no contexto da pandemia da Covid-19; desafios para a gestão da saúde nos estabelecimentos prisionais; interlocução entre instituições de ensino e sistema prisional; e o controle social e a representação familiar. As rodas de conversa virtuais propiciaram discussões aprofundadas e construções coletivas, propondo encaminhamentos pautados no Quadrilátero da Educação Permanente em Saúde.

Abstract Permanent Education in Health legitimized health education based on meaningful learning, experiences in daily work and collective problem solving, in addition to being based on the four-way approach, based on teaching, management, attention and social control. The COVID-19 pandemic has required new ways of doing health and education, especially in the prison system, where overcrowding is an impediment to social isolation. This study aimed to identify, through virtual conversation circles, the challenges encountered in daily work and discuss proposals for intervention with the actors of the prison system in the pandemic period, from the perspective of Permanent Education in Health. It was used a qualitative research approach with descriptive, interpretative and comprehensive analysis of the social phenomenon, through Minayo's thematic analysis of content. From the thematic analysis of content, four categories emerged: challenges of health care in the prison system in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic; challenges for health management in prisons; dialogue between educational institutions and the prison system; and social control and family representation. The virtual conversation rounds provided in-depth discussions and collective constructions, proposing referrals based on the four-way approach of Permanent Education in Health.

Resumen La Educación Permanente en Salud legitimó la educación en salud basada en el aprendizaje significativo, en experiencias en el cotidiano de trabajo y en la resolución colectiva de problemas, además de basarse en el Cuadrilátero Enseñanza-Gestión-Atención-Control Social. La pandemia del Covid-19 requirió nuevas formas de hacer salud y educación, especialmente en el sistema penitenciario, donde el amontonamiento es un impedimento para el aislamiento social. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar, a través de círculos de conversación virtuales, los desafíos encontrados en el trabajo diario y discutir propuestas de intervención con los actores del sistema penitenciario en el período pandémico, en la perspectiva de la Educación Permanente en Salud. Se utilizó un enfoque de investigación cualitativo con un análisis descriptivo, interpretativo y comprensivo del análisis del fenómeno social, a través del análisis de contenido temático de Minayo. Del análisis temático de contenido surgieron cuatro categorías: desafíos de la atención en salud en el sistema penitenciario en el contexto de la pandemia de la Covid-19; desafíos para la gestión de la salud en las cárceles; diálogo entre las instituciones educativas y el sistema penitenciario; y el control social y la representación familiar. Los círculos de conversación virtuales proporcionaron discusiones profundas y construcciones colectivas, proponiendo encaminamientos basados en el Quadrilátero de la Educación Permanente en Salud.

Tuberculosis in prison inmates in Southern Brazil: investigating the epidemiological and operational indicators

ABSTRACT Background: Tuberculosis is a worldwide public health problem and is more prevalent in specific populations, such as prisoners. The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiological and operational indicators of tuberculosis in prisoners in a southern region of Brazil. Methods: This was a descriptive, observational study, utilizing secondary data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System on tuberculosis cases diagnosed in prisoners in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, from 2014 to 2018. Prisoner data used to calculate incidence were extracted from reports by the National Penitentiary Department. Results: From 2014 to 2018, 3,557 tuberculosis cases were reported in Rio Grande do Sul prisoners. The incidence rate of tuberculosis in prisoners was 1,235/100,000 individuals in 2014 and 1,430/100,000 individuals in 2018. The proportion of new TB cases tested for HIV was high, 83.4% in this period; among those tested, 12.9% were HIV coinfected. The proportion of new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis confirmed by laboratory criteria was 52.6% in this period. In total, 18.4% of new pulmonary tuberculosis cases were initiated on directly observed treatment in this period, and 36.4% of contacts of new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis with laboratory confirmation were examined. Among retreatment pulmonary tuberculosis cases, 82.4% were laboratory-confirmed. Conclusions: Tuberculosis incidence is increasing on a per-capita and absolute basis in Rio Grande do Sul. Laboratory confirmation, HIV testing, directly observed treatment, and contact investigation rates were all low, indicating the need to improve medical and public health measures for tuberculosis control in prisons.